Binary integer decimal encoding #
IEEE 754-2019 §3.5.2(c)(2) stores the decimal coefficient as a binary integer.
The 11 steering bits move the exponent field and imply coefficient prefix
100. A finite coefficient exceeding 10^precision - 1 denotes zero,
preserving its sign and quantum exponent. Excessive NaN payloads also denote zero.
The decoder implements these rules rather than reducing the coefficient modulo
a decimal power.
Encode a finite coefficient and biased exponent using the BID steering bits.
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Read the BID coefficient before checking its decimal precision bound.
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Read the biased exponent; subtracting the steering prefix exposes its field.
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A NaN payload outside the decimal payload range denotes zero (§3.5.2(a), (c)(2)).
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The complete BID interchange codec. Its laws are proved in BID.Proof.