Rational enclosures at rational multiples of pi #
The angle is reduced modulo two exactly, before multiplication by an enclosed value of pi. Consequently both the Taylor argument and the error multiplier are bounded independently of large integer parts of the input. The radius includes the uncertainty in pi. These operations use neither a rounded value of pi nor an approximate rational-angle equality test.
Integer full turns removed from a pi-scaled angle, with upward half ties.
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Exact reduction of a pi-scaled angle to [-1, 1).
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A rational Taylor argument obtained from the lower, clamped quarter-period enclosure.
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Error introduced by using the rational approximation to pi.
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Combined Taylor remainder and argument uncertainty.
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Enclose sin (argument * π) after exact rational angle reduction.
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Enclose cos (argument * π) with the same exact angle reduction.
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A division-free enclosure of the residual used to compare pi-scaled tangent.